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The Serious Public Health Epidemic of Loneliness and Social Isolation

In 2023, Dr. Vivek Murthy, the US Surgeon General, declared loneliness and social isolation a serious public health epidemic. He noted that nearly 50% of US adults experience these issues, putting them at risk for depression, heart disease, substance abuse, and cognitive decline. 


Unfortunately, the challenges of social isolation and loneliness extend beyond adults; children and adolescents are also facing health risks due to a lack of community engagement. Research indicates that since the pandemic, these younger populations are experiencing significant impacts on their overall development. Studies show that the time people spend alone is increasing, while in-person social engagement is declining.


 A recent survey revealed that individuals between the ages of 30-44 are among the loneliest groups.

Loneliness

Loneliness is a profound emotional subjective state characterized by a lack of meaningful and satisfying relationships, as well as feelings of 'mattering'—the belief that one is significant and valued by others. In contrast, social isolation refers to an objective state of having few meaningful social connections and infrequent interactions with people. Community engagement can play a crucial role in alleviating both loneliness and social isolation by fostering connections and enhancing feelings of belonging.

Chronic Loneliness

Symptoms

Health risks

Symptoms

A person sitting on the ground under a tree

Symptoms of loneliness and social isolation can vary greatly depending on your individual situation and identity. 

You may be experiencing chronic loneliness if you consistently feel some or all of the following: * Increases in social withdrawal from family and friends, leading to a lack of community engagement. * An inability to connect with others on a deep level. * No close friend who truly understands you. * Persistent feelings of sadness or emptiness. * A sense of disconnect from the world around you. * Heightened anxiety. * Feelings of worthlessness. * A sense of being unheard or that you don't matter. * An increased reliance on technology for social interaction.

Causes

Health risks

Symptoms

Feelings of not being grounded, or detached from yourself,  environment or your purpose in life can cause chronic loneliness. environment, The lack of feeling connected can feel as if you are just going through the motions to get through a day.


Chronic loneliness occurs from the lack of meaningful relationships.  Causes can be situational, such as the death of a loved-one, moving, a job change. It can also develop from experiencing childhood trauma, anxiety, or having a chronic illness or mobility issue. Also feelings of not being loved, understood, or a lack of "mattering" or not valued by others.



Health risks

Health risks

Health risks

Keyboard with a red health key featuring a stethoscope icon.

Loneliness is not just a feeling; it can lead to chronic loneliness, which has long-term effects on your body and brain.  The chronic stress of chronic loneliness increases the risk of significant mental and physical issues including 

*heart disease, *depression, *Type 2 diabetes, *anxiety *stroke,  *obesity *higher mortality rates, *and even dementia.

Fundamentally, humans are social beings with a need for connectedness for our physical and emotional well-being! 


Much of our happiness comes from the relationships we have and deep friendships foster a longer life of quality.

Social Isolation

Social isolation, characterized by loneliness, is an objective state where individuals have few meaningful social connections and experience infrequent interactions with others. This lack of community engagement can exacerbate feelings of isolation.

Social isolaton

Symptoms

Health risks

Symptoms

Have you noticed yourself or someone you care about canceling social plans more frequently and feel relieved? Or perhaps not making any plans to get together with people?  


While loneliness is a feeling of disconnect, social isolation is when you feel a lack of social support or contact with others.



Causes

Health risks

Symptoms

Social media is a useful tool to stay connected with friends and families and like minded communities. However, research shows high usage can lead to a higher risk to socially isolate. The interactions through social media most often lacks the depth for meaningful engagement, depending on "likes" for validation of self-worth. Teens are es

Social media is a useful tool to stay connected with friends and families and like minded communities. However, research shows high usage can lead to a higher risk to socially isolate. The interactions through social media most often lacks the depth for meaningful engagement, depending on "likes" for validation of self-worth. Teens are especially at risk to develop anxiety and low-self esteem when "likes" are low.


But digital communication is not the only risk factor that can lead to social isolation. Having a chronic illness or caring for someone with a chronic illness can cause isolation, especially those supporting someone living with a dementia at home. Other reasons people isolate is not being emotionally prepared to retire. Children leaving home can create a void. Also people living alone, the loss of a loved one including a pet can self-isolation.

Health risks

Health risks

Health risks

Much like the health consequences not addressing the symptoms of chronic loneliness, social isolation shares many of the same risks such as*early mortality *coronary artery disease *stoke *high blood pressure *a weaker immune system  *obesity *chronic inflammation *depression *anxiety *


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